Diabetes: Evidence Based Diagnosis Tool Essay

Diabetes is a major health concern in the United Stated affecting 29.1 millions or about 9.3% of the population with new diagnosis of 1.7 millions in 2012 (ADA, 2014). According to ADA, there are about 8.1 millions undiagnosed diabetic patients in the US. With this figure, it is important that we have a proper tool to diagnose diabetes accurately. This will help to devise a proper intervention if the disease is diagnosed easily and accurately. Person with diabetes are unable to use and store glucose, which then stays in that person’s bloodstream and causes blood glucose level to rise. There are two types of diabetes. Type 1 is called adolescent diabetes or insulin-subordinate diabetes, where body does not create any insulin. Individuals with sort 1 diabetes must take insulin day by day. Type 1 diabetes generally happens in kids. In the US, five percent of total diabetes patients suffer from type 1 diabetes according to American Diabetes Association. Daily insulin intake with other medication as needed is the treatment of choice for type 1 diabetes patients. In type 2 diabetes, body does not create enough insulin or is not able to utilize insulin as required. Commonly, type 2 diabetes occurs to people who are over 40. Not having or failure to utilize insulin leads to higher blood glucose level, which could damage kidney, heart, eyes, and nerves. Management of type 2 diabetes is complicated. Early diagnosis is importa nt so that proper control and intervention can be done to avoid further damage of organs (ADA, 2014) Person with diabetes will show common symptoms but for laboratory test will confirm the disease. Laboratory testing of person’s blood is important. There are several types of blood tests that can be done to find out blood glucose level of the patient. â€Å"Conventionally, blood glucose levels measured either in the fasting state or following a standard glucose load have formed  the basis for diagnosis of diabetes (Florkowski, 2013).† Blood glucose level could be misleading especially when patients haven’t eaten or are ill (ADA, 2014). So, taking a blood glucose sample at a particular time instead of averaging out over time will not give a correct glucose reading. HbA1C test as a laboratory tool for diagnosing the diabetes have proven to be more precise and conclusive and reflective of the person’s glucose level over time. According to Florkowski, HbA1C provides an information of chronic glucose level instead of a single point in time. It provides an integrated reference of glucose over the lifespan of red blood cells, which is 120 days. â€Å"It therefore seems logical that such a test would be appropriate in diagnosing a disease characterised by chronic hyperglycaemia and a gradual progression to complications (Florkowski, 2013).† Also, the test itself is very convenient for patients because they do not have to fast and a single test is sufficient. Florkowski presents a massive study with 44623 participants aged 20-78 with retinal photographs to show that HbA1C test is as effective as or better than other glucose tests. The study analyzed the relationship between diabetic specific retinopathy and three blood glucose measures. The study found that fasting plasma glucose and Hba1c have slender edge runs inside which event of diabetes-particular retinopathy starts to increment impressively. The occurrence of retinopathy was small with HbA1C  prevention measures can be done at early stage of the disease and complications related to diabetes can be reduced. American Diabetes Association. (2010). Retrieved from www.diabetes.org on November 9, 2014. Florkowski, Chris (2013), HbA1C as a Diagnostic Test for Diabetes Mellitus – Reviewing the Evidence, Clin Biochem Rev., 34(2): 75–83.

Evaluate a Range of Ways to Embed Elements of Functional Skills in Your Specialist Area.

Evaluate a range of ways to embed elements of Functional Skills in your specialist area. Functional skills are new qualifications developed to allow people to conduct themselves in a confident and independent manner in life. They are practical skills in literacy, numeracy and information communication technology that provide essential knowledge and understanding. The language courses – in my case Italian – are aimed at widening the knowledge of different people cultures and their ways of expression within community groups and as such embedding functional skills helps to develop intelligence, attitude and behavior in each individual. These skills allow individuals to make a positive contribution to the community in which they live and work by laying the foundations for development in any further education or training. The language courses incorporate literacy skills through the introduction of the grammar. The learners need to understand grammar well enough to pick out the right words when they are required to do a translation. According to my experience it is a very proficient exercise to pick an article from a magazine or a newspaper and ask each learner to read it out loud and have it translated into the target language. In this way the principles of knowledge, comprehension and application are put into practice. Another useful exercise can be done by asking the learner to change the verbs in the article from simple present to simple past or to future tense and have them translated into the target language. The language courses also embed some mathematical concepts. An example could be by teaching numbers with dice and make the learners say the sums once the dice are thrown or write on the whiteboard some arithmetical expressions including addition, subtraction, division, multiplication (e. g. 0 + 2 : 6 x 5 ) and ask the learner to make the calculation. Learners are expected to do some homework on the subjects taught and discussed in class. The homework form containing questions, quizzes, and sentences with gaps to be filled is emailed to each of them. This will be completed in computerised format and in this way the functional skill of information and communication technology is incorporated. Anothe r way to embed ICT skills in the session is encouraging the learner to do a research using the internet about a cultural event or a geographic area of the country of interest. Things that could develop my skills in embedding Functional Skills in my teaching are the use of some websites – such as BBC Languages and Linguascope in my case – which could provide some new learning activities that can be introduced in class; use of DVDs to record some TV programs like news, cultural events and documentaries in the target language which could provide new subjects for communicaton and listening in class ; set activities that require students to check for their own and each other’s learning errors and check for these myself . This can be fulfilled with active learning methods and enjoyable tasks like cards, role play, dice that create more participation , concentration and more cognitive engagement. Functional Skills – an Introduction to Functional Skills – 20 August 2008 (online) http://www. qca. org. uk/qca_6062. aspx G. Petty (2004) Teaching today. Nelson Thornes Ltd, Cheltenham

Moral psychology Essay

a. Strengths of the analysis include the idea that talking about ethical issues is important,and that the analysis suggests avenues for improving ethics education. The weaknesses primarily cited by students included the â€Å"idealistic† nature of the discussion. Onecommon theme emerged, which is that frauds and unethical behavior occurred long before formal business school education. Students often cited this fact as anunaddressed weakness in Professor Waddock’s analysis. b. The average level of moral reasoning for the Danish auditors in the study was a p-scoreof 35. 48, which corresponds to a conventional level of moral reasoning. However,about 37 percent of auditors in the study were in the pre-conventional moral reasoninggroup. Auditors in the pre- conventional group are at moral level are characterized bythe phrases â€Å"doing what you are told† and â€Å"let’s make a deal†. Auditors in theconventional group are at a moral level characterized by the phrases â€Å"be considerate,nice, and kind; you’ll make friends†, and â€Å"everyone in society is obligated to and protected by the law†. Only about a third of the sample in the study achieved the post-conventional moral reasoning level, which is characterized by the phrases â€Å"you are obligated by the arrangements that are agreed to by due process procedures† andâ€Å"morality is defined by how rational and impartial people would ideally organizecooperation. † Based on Kohlberg’s categories, this implies that many auditors in thesample will be heavily swayed by client preferences, and that regulatory pressure/compliance threats will be important in affecting auditors’ judgments. c. The arguments in Paper 1 assume that ethics can be taught, and yet the evidence inPaper 2 suggests that many auditors who have received a business school educationare still operating at very low levels of moral reasoning. Therefore, students’expressed concerns about whether ethics can really be taught in formal business schoolsettings. Students’ discussion focused on issues including the quality and extent of exposure to ethics interventions as being important in determining whether they will be effective. Students also commented on overall ethical climates at different auditfirms, and in different cultures (i. e. the Danish sample of auditors provided an avenueto discuss possible cross-cultural differences in ethical norms in a business setting). d. Students completing this project provided many examples of possible dilemmas. Common examples included concerns about client pressure on difficult accountingissues, independence issues, the relationship between tax and audit services, andinterpersonal dynamics (including age and gender issues, and concerns about how tohandle the inappropriate judgments of colleagues). In terms of plans for handling thesituation, any reasonable plan was deemed appropriate for purposes of assigning points. However, plans that incorporated the ethical decision-making frameworksdescribed in the chapter were considered superior. Regarding anticipated outcomes,students expressed concerns about their own welfare (pay, performance, jobsatisfaction, and job retention), and they also discussed the effects on other stakeholders (clients, shareholders, bankers, and society in general).

Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 11

Case Study - Essay Example Following this we will list 5 specific strategies you would use to deal with this issue and discuss how office productivity by implementing this strategies. Malaysia is a conservative and predominately Muslim country in which patriarchy and deference to authority remain important priorities. From a cultural perspective, Farah may be resistant to say something from her supervisor due to the fact that male touching is inappropriate in her context. Thus, in Malaysia it would be highly inappropriate for a male supervisor to touch a female colleague and in Farah’s case this is what she is experiencing. Farah is also a Muslim which makes the inter-sexual mingling even more taboo. Because her society is conservatively minded, this is the third reason which may account for Farah’s resistance to her boss’ comments and unwanted attention. Due to the fact that Malaysian society is patriarchal, Farah, as a woman, may feel uncomfortable approaching her male supervisor and telling him that his behavior is unwarranted. Finally, because Malaysian society is conservative and hierarchal in nature, Farah will not feel as though she ca n approach her supervisor and let him know that she does not appreciate his behavior. As a woman coming from a society in which male to female touching is not appropriate in a business context, Farah may thus feel uncomfortable discussing her problems with her supervisor. What are the important strategies which can be used to deal with issues surrounding intercultural miscommunication in an office setting? There are a variety of measures which can be undertaken in order to mitigate the fallout from Farah’s unwanted touching by a male supervisor. First and foremost this involves speaking with the supervisor directly and letting him know that touching female colleagues, no matter how friendly, can be

Health promoting Services Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Health promoting Services - Article Example This paper will focus on a literature review of Mchugh, Robinson, & Chesters’ article â€Å"Health Promoting Health Services: A Review of the Evidence†. Particular concentration of the literature review will be to highlight the strengths and weaknesses noted in the article and how the article has been organized. Strengths A close analysis of the article reveals that the author has vast knowledge in the field of Health Promoting Health Services. Ideas in the article have been presented logically through citation of several research works done by other writers and critics within the field. There is a clear discussion of the author ideas with reference to other ideologies in this area of study. As such, Mchugh, Robinson, & Chesters are organized in their presentation of the article for easy understanding of principles in health promoting health by the readers. In the first place, the structure of the article is well defined since headings have bee utilized well in bold to draw the readers’ attention to imperative points in health promoting health. The introduction particularly has given a summary of what is talked about in the entire article. Similarly, the last paragraph draws emphasis to important points and terms applicable in health promoting health. ... This implies that for a successful dissertation, a wide range of secondary sources are significant in acquiring different views of writers on a subject of discussion. Mchugh, Robinson, & Chesters continue displaying their writing savvy in their literature review by ensuring each of his peers’ works are cited in the correct APA format. When they paraphrase, they identify the sources appropriately. When they make direct quotes, they use parentheses as well as table to identify the source of information for clarity. As researchers, Mchugh, Robinson, & Chesters ensure their literature review contains a balanced mix of other researchers’ work and their work. Research done in the article indicated that it is very painful to read any researcher’s work that contained a literature review that only had other researcher’s words. Further, it is cumbersome to read all of these quotes and paraphrases without an author’s original thought in the literature review. Mchugh, Robinson, & Chesters have reduced these conflicts through a well review of their ideas and other authors’ thoughts. Lastly, Mchugh, Robinson, & Chesters take complex figures and simplify it with one of their own. Weaknesses Apart from strengths seen in the article, there are some elements lacking which would have made the literature review more appealing to the reader. The authors failed in the methodology section in which chances of bias are prevalent. Overemphasis was put on secondary sources instead of carrying out their personal research to collect primary information. This would have offered an opportunity to compare some of the down falls in the previous research done in the same field. Another writing weakness was the authors’ misuse

Project Plan For Access Control System In a Dormitory Case Study

Project Plan For Access Control System In a Dormitory - Case Study Example There are following five major tasks that are required for installation of the ACS. It is assumed that the college has all the technical, electrical and mechanical human resources required for this project. Furthermore, it is also assumed that the college has already accurately met all the requirements mentioned above (Cowling, 2008). Planning The first task is the project planning from the initiation to the closure. In this task, the subtasks include development of project plan (given below), resource plan, financial plan, and quality plan. Procurement The second task of the project is to procure all the abovementioned equipment. The subtasks of the procurement include development of Request for Proposals (RFP), publishing RFP, meetings for evaluation of technical and financial proposals received from different bidders. The RFP will contain all the equipment and application software required for installation of ACS; in response, bidders/suppliers will submit their proposals. In order to evaluate the proposals of the bidders, meeting will be held both internally and with all the bidders. Installation All the procured equipment will be installed in the premises of the hostel. The first subtask includes installation of the access control equipment and the performance of related electrical and mechanical work. The second subtask will be the installation of computer software and hardware and the establishment of Local Area Network (LAN).... It is assumed that the college has all the technical, electrical and mechanical human resources required for this project. Furthermore, it is also assumed that the college has already accurately met all the requirements mentioned above (Cowling, 2008). Planning The first task is the project planning from the initiation to the closure. In this task, the subtasks include development of project plan (given below), resource plan, financial plan, and quality plan. Procurement The second task of the project is to procure all the abovementioned equipment. The subtasks of the procurement include development of Request for Proposals (RFP), publishing RFP, meetings for evaluation of technical and financial proposals received from different bidders. The RFP will contain all the equipment and application software required for installation of ACS; in response, bidders/suppliers will submit their proposals. In order to evaluate the proposals of the bidders, meeting will be held both internally and with all the bidders. Installation All the procured equipment will be installed in the premises of the hostel. The first subtask includes installation of the access control equipment and the performance of related electrical and mechanical work. The second subtask will be the installation of computer software and hardware and the establishment of Local Area Network (LAN). A configuration plan will be developed in order to customize/integrate the software application (Visitor Management System) with already/existing deployed software systems in the hostel. In order to establish a LAN, a network diagram/structure will be developed, defining network topology, Internet Protocol scheme, and cabling standards. Testing A thorough testing will be performed through operational and

How was Nazi Concentration Camp worser than Soviet Concentration Camps Movie Review

How was Nazi Concentration Camp worser than Soviet Concentration Camps - Movie Review Example They killed millions of people for political gains. In the end, it all boils down to quality vs. quantity. Under which regime did more people died? Vs. which regime killed more brutally? The popular perception is that perhaps Stalin regime probably killed far more people than the Nazis. But records from relevant sources (scholars from Poland, Israel and Germany) show that Stalin regime killed far less people than Nazis. The Nazi regime focused their attention on one race. Holocaust was targeted towards Jews and the majority of them were tortured to death or died from starvation. Stalin regime did kill millions of people in Gulag but these numbers are far less than Nazi killings. There is a certain reason as to why the Holocaust is considered far worse than the crimes committed by the Stalin. Labeling an entire race of people as ‘outcasts’ is more brutal than finding political excuses to take people’s lives. People who suffered under Stalin regime probably could have found an excuse to spare their lives by paying strict taxes but Jews had no chance under Hitler’s rein. They were either supposed to flea of die. It is sad and satirical to count dead bodies and claim a winner in this debate. Numbers of killings doesn’t matter. It’s about human lives and tragedy that was hammered down upon people living in both countries. Some people say that the number in Stalin camps were far more than the people at Nazi concentration camp. But when a loved one is lost, it is only the family that actually suffers and knows how much it hurts. For instance the argument about the number of people who were murder at Treblinka; whether they were 780,862 or 780,863 doesn’t make much sense. It is a huge number and the tragedy doesn’t subside by thinking that it is a huge number. The individual life matters and there is no truth beyond that. All these people were humans and they left loved ones to mourn their death. Nazis killed much more people than

Disability Discrimination & OSHA Laws Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Disability Discrimination & OSHA Laws - Essay Example This would create an undue hardship for the Postal Service. The Postal Service could also claim that Davis is not qualified for the clerk position. Since she is deaf, Davis cannot answer the phone. That is a major requirement of the job. Under the American Disabilities Act, a disabled American must be qualified for the desired position. In the case of Halsey, as defined before by the American Disabilities Act, he is also disabled. The question becomes how disabled is Halsey? He could fail the vision test for a driver’s license, but still see well enough to service vending machines. Coca-Cola Bottling Company hired him as a vending machine serviceperson. Since they hired him, one assumes he was qualified for the job. The issue then becomes if it would be an undue hardship for Coca-Cola to accommodate Halsey. Coca-Cola is a large corporation, with almost unlimited resources. It would not be an undue hardship to provide transportation for Halsey, or even elect to have Halsey to service the vending machines other employees bring back to the Coca-Cola plant. An accommodation could be reached between the two parties. In the case of Whirlpool, Whirlpool knows of the hazardous condition caused by the conveyor belt above the employees’ work station. The wire mesh guard screen was placed to safeguard employees. The company policy is for the employees cleaning the mesh to stand on the wire frames. Not all of the items can be reached by standing on the wire frames, forcing the employees to stand on the wire mesh. Keller has a few options. Keller can stop doing a job he feels is dangerous. He can stop retrieving objects out of reach of the wire frame, due to the dangerous situation. If Whirlpool knows the job cannot be preformed without going on the wire mesh, other safety measures should be put into place. If Whirlpool demands Keller to do the job or else, Keller can call OSHA and become a whistleblower.

Cassatt, Mary Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Cassatt, Mary - Assignment Example tend the influence of their tutors to their styles in canvas, Cassatt’s style was notably different from the one used by Degas (National Art Gallery). According to the National Art Gallery, Degas also introduced Cassatt in the asymmetrical styles employed by Japanese artists and the use of bright colors. The use of bright colors according to Web Museum demonstrated a mood of gentleness that served to brighten by her constant use of the â€Å"golden lighting.† These aspects worked in harmony with the family and children which was the dominant theme in most of her works. Cassatt was always a quick learner who learnt the basics about a particular style in art and instead of reproducing the same pieces, she would always ensure that she employed her innovativeness to come up with impressive masterpieces. The best example is her portrayal of the techniques she learnt from Japanese art for instance asymmetry and wood block print. She was able to mould these techniques in such a way that they fit so perfectly within her own impressionsim themes. The paper looks at one of the works of Cassatt, â€Å"The Little Girl in Blue Armchair† (Figure 1) in order to relate it with its historical context, to establish the impact it had during the historical context, and the importance of the piece in contemporary art. The Context in which the Work was made. The painting of the Little Girl in Blue Armchair was done in 1878 and it painted in an oil canvas. The painting depicted the image of a little girl relaxingly sprawled in a chair. As outlined by National Art Gallery, the work demonstrated the keen observation of Cassatt in the way she managed to emphasize and display on an aspect that would otherwise be considered subtle and inconsequential. Cassatt manages to display the innocence of the little girl as she sits in the chair in a childlike manner. In a unique fashion of impressionism art Mary managed to use color, everyday life and light to demonstrate the beauty in an otherwise

Benziger Family Winery Essay Example for Free

Benziger Family Winery Essay In the case of the Benziger Family Winery, is being faced with the decision of whether or not Chris Benziger should invest in an ISO 14000 certification. The answer is yes, he should pursue the certification in an attempt to strengthen his knowledge that his company already has about being environmentally friendly. This will strengthen his position on the market as a leader in wine industry. In pursuing the certification, he will also educate other growers on the importance of a strong environmental management system. This will make them want to take those same steps to help promote their business to be more like him. By getting the ISO this will further support his environmental policy that he strongly applies to the daily routines for helping the company conserve resources and prevent pollution. He is already certified by the Sonoma County Green Business Program (SCGBP) and is in full environmental compliance. As part of this compliance, the winery has saved over 2 million gallons of water per year through recycling all wastewater. They reduced solid wastes as well as energy cost due to the construction of a wine cave built in the hillside which maintained temperature cool enough to prevent them from using electricity to cool. The Gap Analysis is the formal study behind what the business is currently doing and where they want to be in the future. This means the need for continuous improvement is necessary in promoting the best possible outcomes for the company goals. The gap analysis identifies the gaps from what the company is doing now to what they would be doing should they utilize additional resources to help improve the company’s outputs. By documenting what they have done in the past, this will show what other requirements are necessary to be put in place in an attempt to maximize the company’s capabilities. This may involve benchmarking as well. In this case the winery currently has annual revenues of about 15 million. They are striving to launch a new brand, Tribute that would be selling in the $50-$60 range at about 4000 cases per year. They would also like their exports to increase from about 10% of sales to 20%. For Benziger, this analysis can be done at an operational level since all of his employees are well-trained on the company’s environmentally friendly efforts and are shared with guests of the winery to promote the business. This is an opportunity for Benziger to bring his reputation to a high point and work towards his goal for being a world-class leader in the wine industry. Since the U.S. market is very competitive this would make him stand out since very few U.S. wineries have their ISO 14000 certification. He could enter more markets that its consumers are sensitive to environmental products and continue expanding his business to other countries. It is stated that becoming certified with the ISO 14000 is expensive. This is an investment that will pay for itself in the future. There will be revenue increases by becoming more attractive to consumers who support the environmentally safe production process. The ISO 14000 is an attempt to develop a widely accepted, uniform approach to certify that Benziger’s EMS is the best way to run a business for long term savings and making a positive contribution to the environment. In exhibit 40.4 it shows the EMS Gap Analysis and explains what policies and procedures the Benziger may or may not have in place. It explains that he does have an environmental policy in place and that he has conducted an analysis of the impact that it has on the environment. When it comes to legal requirements, they do not have a procedure in place. This is the responsibility of the Ranch manager and it has not been done yet. He has covered all of his objectives and has established a well-written program to achieve those objectives. He has very good structured within the winery and has delegated responsibilities to each of the family members as well as their other employees. However no roles have been defined and documented yet. It is also noted that there is need for additional training on EMS aspects. The Ranch manager seems to need assistance with organization of training and documentation as well. Although they are on the right track he needs to ensure that they are taking all the necessary steps to continue the company professionally and in an organized fashion. Once the ranch manager has assigned specific roles and tasks to certain team members it will not be all on him to keep the EMS running properly it will become a part of the way they do business. The last part of the Exhibit 40.4 shows some things that they need to improve on. There is no documentation for anything the company does. He needs to be able to show records of his work to be environmentally sensitive. Several of the drafts have been started but none have been completed. It also states that there needs to be a regular review ensuring that the EMS is suitable and effective. Exhibit 40.5 is the Benziger Family Winery Environmental Policy. In comparison to Exhibit 40.4, the policy states the steps they are willing to take to make sure the winery is an environmentally safe and sustainable business. However, when each of the bullets are broken down into a series of questions as they are in Exhibit 40.4, they are not satisfying all of their own expectations. It seems as though they have a few small improvements to make that seem as though are they are not too time consuming. Once each of these steps has been achieved, they are well on their way to being more successful and more organized. If the proper steps are taken to correct the small issues on-hand, the next step for the Benziger Winery is to pursue the ISO 14000 certification. This will set the bar for how other wineries should be run and help the company become one of the top U.S. wine distributors.

Organization and Management Research

Organization and Management Research Organization and management research is in danger of becoming irrelevant Different researches undertaken by organizational management helps to gain knowledge in the management field (Sandberg, Alvesson, 2011). Efficient management research is essential for any organization as it can indicate the success and the failure of that firm (Davis, 2014). The enormous extension in the field of management, over the previous few years, resulted in a great development in academic articles published (Davis, 2014). Despite all the good and valuable work being produced, this growth has been coupled with continuous debates that management research is becoming irrelevant in the present time (Davis, 2014). This paper is intended to focus on the various debates regarding the present downfall of management research and proposes alternative solutions to those problems (Sandberg, Alvesson, 2011). Despite the vast and painstaking success, organizational and management research has a serious deficiency of high-impact research in the management field. It is argued that the researchers are becoming irrelevant for the business organizations (Sandberg, Alvesson, 2011). There is a large shared thought of a disturbing lack of original ideas and innovative contributions in the management studies (Alvesson, Spicer, 2016). Research process enhances the knowledge and train people to question the set norms if they seem backdated. Organizational and management research process has a huge lack of interesting and influential studies (Davis, 2014). The problem is that there is no mark of challenging the underlying assumptions of established literature (Sandberg, Alvesson, 2011). The gap-spotting research method is mostly used by the researchers and the institutions nowadays which are blocking the entry of creativity in the field of research (Neuman, 2014). Innovation and creativity are nee ded in this field, to question the previous beliefs of every individual and of course, the next task of the research process will be to provide essential theoretical and practical answer to every individual (Davis, 2014). The incremental consensus-confirming work is in the central attention rather than the consensus-challenging contributions which are really disappointing for the editors, other researchers and for the commentators (Quinlan, 2015). Institutional conditions, professional norms within the management field and the researches identity constructions, these three points are closely interconnected and quite influential for the organization and management research process (Alvesson, Sandberg, 2012). These three factors are equally supporting and practicing adding-to-the literature form means to find out the probable gap in the research thereby filling it up with suitable examples and arguments rather than challenging the whole system and providing an interesting and innovative framework (Neuman, 2014). There is a constant pressure prevalent for the researchers in the path of achieving identity (Quinlan, 2015). Nowadays, researchers are more interested in publishing their works in the top listed journals accepting the gap-spotting method which decreases the quality of research process (Verma, 2014). New evolutionary research is important not only to challenge the set assumptions of other people blindly but also, it is necessary for clear, critical and new viewpoints in the organizational and management research (Quinlan, 2015). Theory and literature studies are important in everything that we do; they act as a way of guiding us to perform better in our respective fields (Sandberg, Alvesson, 2011). They are essential for organizational behavior, practicing organizational psychology and at the time of studying (Alvesson, Sandberg, 2012). However, recently, the field of organization and management research has lost its essence and has become attracted to the interesting puzzles and shiny objects (Donaldson, Qiu, Luo, 2013). There has been no advancement in the management theory; it is more concerned with the entertainment value present in the present articles and theories, rather than focusing on their real-world value and scientific rigor (Donaldson, Qiu, Luo, 2013). The theories should be accurate and have value for them to be applied in the real-world practices (Sandberg, Alvesson, 2011). Previously the theories that were developed, especially in the late 70s and 80s, they were completely focused and aimed at improving the existing practices of the organizations (Birkinshaw et al. 2014). The authors used to derive hypotheses from theoretical propositions, which were then tested before being formed into a theory (Sandberg, Alvesson, 2011). This helped in identifying the underlying relationships like whom do they apply to, and why and where. The theories of that time effectively addressed the what, how, why, when and where of the organizational phenomenon (Birkinshaw et al. 2014). The theoretical contributions were gauged on various parameters like what is new, how will it effect, and why now (McKeown, Petitta, 2014). Currently, this has process has almost vanished (McKeown, Petitta, 2014). The researchers are more interested in getting a high quantity of articles published rather than focusing on the quality of the research or theories. This is because, the number of articles being published each year has increased significantly, and there is high competition among the authors to get their research papers published in leading journals (McKeown, Petitta, 2014). Several new business schools have been established all around the world and the existing ones have expanded significantly, because of this there has been a major increase in the number of articles for organization and management research (McKeown, Petitta, 2014). Furthermore, governments have introduced various assessment formulas like ERA and REF/RAE in Australia and the UK respectively (Birkinshaw et al. 2014). These assessment guidelines have been formulated by the government to govern the universities. Thus, because of this, it has b ecome a performance indicator for the top business schools, as the more articles they are able to get published in the high-end journals, their ranking and status will be improved (McKeown, Petitta, 2014). This has led to the universities forcing the professors and scientists to get a high number of articles published every year and because of this, they cannot research properly and produce articles which lack good research and theory (McKeown, Petitta, 2014). Additionally, even though there is a high increase in the number of articles being published, none of them have interesting and innovative theories, and are highly monotonous (Alvesson, Sandberg, 2012). Since there has been an increase in the quantity of management articles, the authors have become competitive and due to this the quality of the articles has improved (Karlsson, 2016). However, this has not motivated the authors in publishing new and improved theories (McKeown, Petitta, 2014). Research is done so that the knowledge of the particular field is enhanced and new and innovative theories are discovered, which help in making the existing practices better. Nevertheless, the research that is being done currently lacks innovative and interesting theories and ideologies (Alvesson, Sandberg, 2012). The authors have been publishing the same theories repetitively and gap spotting is becoming extremely popular. These articles are highly quantitative and contain figures from the past years, which make them irrelevant and tough to understand (Karlsson, 2016). Furthermore, they are just based on hypotheses and do not always turn out to be accurate. Since these organization and management research papers lack relevant theories and innovative ideas; the existing as well as upcoming managers have stopped reading them (Farnsworth, Keeble-Ramsay, Kemble, 2014). These research papers do not have much relevance with the real-time management world and the managers cannot relate t o them (Alvesson, Sandberg, 2012). Thus, these papers are not solving the actual purpose and because of this there is a debate on whether these research papers are relevant for the business organizations or not (Karlsson, 2016). The research is done by the authors on the same topic repetitively. In one instance, there were two articles found on the Harvard Business Review, which was written by well-educated authors having good knowledge about academic management research (McKeown, Petitta, 2014). These articles were written by Bennis OToole (2005) and Behrman Levin (1984) and had a gap of 21 years. However, the content of both these articles were same and they addressed the same issues (McKeown, Petitta, 2014). This is a proof of the same research is being repeated time and again. This means that the issues have not changed at all, and the same issues are plaguing the management world even now (Johnston, 2014). Therefore, the researchers should not waste their resources for providing solutions for the same research repetitively and the previous research papers and theories can be used by the existing managers as a guide (Karlsson, 2016). Or the solutions for the problems faced by the manager and how they can improve themselves have not been found by the researchers until now (McKeown, Petitta, 2014). Even though several problems are plaguing organization and management research, and many people have been complaining about the system which is prevalent (Suddaby, Hardy, Huy, 2011). There have hardly been any proper complaints by these people regarding the system. This is because; many people are getting benefitted from the prevailing system and are dominating the field, so that it does not get changed. The other segments of people are continuing to support this system voluntarily (Alvesson, Sandberg, 2012). Only few people are there who actually want this system to be changed. The benefactors of this system include the deans of the colleges and the status of the universities, publication houses, as well as the authors writing the existing articles (Karlsson, 2016). The deans of the colleges are highly benefitted because of this existing system, as according to the government regulations, the colleges can improve their ranking if higher number of articles are published in leading journals, which have been specified by them (McKeown, Petitta, 2014). So, they ensure that various articles from their college get published in these journals; thus, increasing their ranking and improving the image of the university. The publication houses are getting benefitted because there has been an increase in the research articles being submitted to them, which in turn is improving their brand name. This is also beneficial for the researchers, as writing these articles and getting them published in prestigious journals enhances their career (Donaldson, Qiu, Luo, 2013). This has resulted in the biggest problem present in management research, which is gap spotting. Scientific enquiries involving questioning the underlying assumptions of the existing research and deal with consensus challenging theories; however, gap spotting involves consensus seeking, which is the complete opposite (Karlsson, 2016). This has become extremely popular and the authors identify or construct gaps in the studies that have been done previously. This is known as extending the literature, and the researchers use the previous research studies to extend them by critically or positively referring to them, and base their own study and theories on these works. The contemporary authors and researchers use this as an excuse in most of the cases, so that they can get their articles featured in leading journals (McKeown, Petitta, 2014). This also has its benefits, as some articles actually need to be improved and challenged, but this has become a trend and the organization and manag ement research is becoming irrelevant due to this (Alvesson, Sandberg, 2012). Gap spotting happens because of various reasons and a major reason is the professional norms that have been dictated by the editors, journals and reviewers (McKeown, Petitta, 2014). These journals have started this trend of gap spotting and constantly encourage the norm of adding-to-the literature. Since the authors want to get their articles published in these journals, they have to follow the guidelines and rules dictated by them (Alvesson, Sandberg, 2012). They follow a strict review system and to get an article published, an author has to get various changes done. Sometimes because of this, several parts have to be deleted and various meaningless additions are done, due to which the meaning of the article gets completely changed (McKeown, Petitta, 2014). Furthermore, all these changes have to be done within the word count stipulated by them and the researchers have to listen to innumerable demands (Karlsson, 2016). This has become a significant problem, as sometimes because of this, people who have written good journals having relevant theories and discoveries, do not get their work featured (McKeown, Petitta, 2014).   The near omnipresent condition to constantly publish in the top rank journals has proved that most of the researchers have lost track and the main aim of the management studies, namely, to generate original knowledge that matters to the organization and community. (Quinlan, 2015). Therefore, the most noteworthy point here is that, in order to get back the management studies on the previous track, there is a need to shift the interest of the researchers from the recent paper production to the production of more innovative and significant ideas that can bring change in both organizational procedure and theories (Alvesson, Sandberg, 2012). Using problematization and empirical material as methods for challenging previous assumptions will be beneficial to get new ways in the organizational and management research process (Neuman, 2014). Books Karlsson, C. (Ed.). (2016). Research Methods for Operations Management. Routledge. Neuman, W. (2014). Social research methods (1st ed.). Boston [u.a.]: Pearson. Quinlan, C. (2015). Business research methods (1st ed.). Andover: Cengage Learning EMEA. Verma, R. (2014). Management research (1st ed.). New Delhi: Anmol Publications. Journals Alvesson, M., Sandberg, J. (2012). Has Management Studies Lost Its Way? Ideas for More Imaginative and Innovative Research. Journal Of Management Studies, 50(1), 128-152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2012.01070.x Alvesson, M., Spicer, A. (2016). (Un)Conditional surrender? Why do professionals willingly comply with managerialism. Journal Of Organizational Change Management, 29(1), 29-45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jocm-11-2015-0221 Behrman, J. N., Levin, R. I. (1984). Are business schools doing their job. Harvard Business Review, 62(1), 140. Bennis, W. G., OToole, J. (2005). How business schools lost their way. Harvard business review, 83(5), 96-104. Birkinshaw, J., Healey, M. P., Suddaby, R., Weber, K. (2014). Debating the future of management research. Journal of Management Studies, 51(1), 38-55. Davis, G. (2014). Celebrating Organization Theory: The After-Party. Journal Of Management Studies, 52(2), 309-319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/joms.12094 Donaldson, L., Qiu, J., Luo, B. N. (2013). For rigour in organizational management theory research. Journal of Management Studies, 50(1), 153-172. Farnsworth, T., Keeble-Ramsay, D., Kemble, R. (2014, June). ProblematizingRepeat Studies in Management Sciences. In European Conference on Research Methodology for Business and Management Studies (p. 144). Academic Conferences International Limited. Johnston, A. (2014). Rigour in research: theory in the research approach. European Business Review, 26(3), 206-217. McKeown, T., Petitta, L. (2014). Management studies in context: International, interconnected, yet still unique. Journal of Management Organization, 20(05), 567-571. Sandberg, J., Alvesson, M. (2011). Ways of constructing research questions: gap-spotting or problematization?. Organization, 18(1), 23-44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350508410372151 Suddaby, R., Hardy, C., Huy, Q. N. (2011). Introduction to special topic forum: where are the new theories of organization?.

The Southern Social Themes of Barn Burning :: Barn Burning Essays

Written as it was, at the ebb of the 1930s, a decade of social, economic, and cultural tumult, the decade of the Great Depression, William Faulkner's short story "Barn Burning" may be read and discussed in our classrooms as just that--a story of the '30s, for "Barn Burning" offers students insights into these years as they were lived by the nation and the South and captured by our artists. This story was first published in June of 1939 in Harper's Magazine and later awarded the 0. Henry Memorial Award for the best short story of the year. Whether read alone, as part of a thematic unit on the Depression era, or as an element of an interdisciplinary course of the Depression '30s, "Barn Burning" can be used to awaken students to the race, class, and economic turmoil of the decade. During the 1930s, the Sartoris and Snopes families were overlapping entities in Faulkner's imagination. These families with their opposing social values spurred his imagination at a time when he wrote about the passing of a conservative, agricultural South and the opening up of the South to a new era of modernization. This depiction of the agrarian society of the Sartoris family connects Faulkner to the nostalgic yearnings for a past expressed in I'll Take My Stand, the Fugitives' manifesto of 1930, a book opening the decade yet echoing sentiments of past decades. At the start of our classroom discussion of "Barn Burning," we can explain the tenets of the Fugitives, their traditional, aristocratic attitudes, and their reverence for the landed gentry life style. We can focus on the description of the de Spain home and property, with its opulence and privilege, as representative of the Agrarians' version of "the good life." Early we need to emphasize and discuss the attraction of the y oung boy Colonel Sartoris Snopes to the security and comfort of this style, his attraction to his namesake's heritage. In his rendition of the Sartoris-like agrarian society, Faulkner acknowledges its dichotomy: the injustice, the lack of fair play, the blacks' subservience, and the divisiveness within the community which empire builders like the Sartorises and the de Spains wrought. It is, of course, this very social inequity, the class distinction, and the economic inequality against which Sarty's father Ab Snopes' barn burning rails. We now can lead our students to the evidence of these social injustices within the story by identifying exemplary moments and scenes.

Dill Pickle Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"A Dill Pickle† is a story of a run in between two old lovers. The story begins with a nameless man eating a snack at a Chinese Pagoda. While waiting he sees a woman in the distance, as she walks forwards he sees Vera, a woman he dated six years prior. He invites her to sit down and have something to eat with him. She takes him up on the offer and sits down. They begin talking about the usual and then about the times that they spent together. He reminds her of the day they spent at Kew Gardens. What the man remembers of the day was how he was ignorant to all that she spoke to him. What Vera remembered was him confessing his love to her and telling her that no matter how much he lover her, she would never love him back.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Vera sees that he has changed a lot since their breakup. The man is considerably better looking from when she dated him. By the way he is dressed, it appears that he had done well for himself and has matured quite a bit. He offers her a cigarette from a Russian cigarette case, which leads him into his next conversation topic.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  He tells her that since their breakup he has done what they had dreamt of doing while they dated, travel to Russia. In fact, he had become a world traveler who spent over a year in Russia. He tells her of the straightforward manner in which Russians acted and how much she would have enjoyed it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  He tells her how great o...

Diabetes :: essays research papers

Diabetes (diabetes mellitus) Diabetes is a disease characterized by excessive urination. Diabetes mellitus is caused by insufficient insulin production or lack of responsiveness to insulin, resulting in hyperglycemia (high blood glucose levels). There are 2 primary types of diabetes mellitus, type I (insulin-dependent or juvenile-onset), which may be caused by an autoimmune response, and type II (non-insulin-dependent or adult-onset). Diabetes insipidus is typically due to hormonal dysregulation. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder caused by an absolute or relative deficiency of insulin, an anabolic hormone. Insulin is produced in the pancreas by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans. Absence, destruction, or loss of these cells causes an absolute deficiency of insulin, leading to type 1 diabetes (insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus [IDDM]). Most children with diabetes have IDDM and a lifetime dependence on exogenous insulin. Type 2 diabetes (non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus [NIDDM]) is a heterogeneous disorder. Patients with NIDDM have insulin resistance, and their beta cells lack the ability to overcome this resistance. Although this form of diabetes previously was uncommon in children, 20% or more of new patients with diabetes in childhood and adolescence now have NIDDM, a change associated with increased rates of obesity.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Insulin is essential to process carbohydrate, fat, and protein. Insulin reduces blood glucose levels by allowing glucose to enter muscle cells and fat cells and by stimulating the conversion of glucose to glycogen as a carbohydrate store. Insulin also inhibits the release of stored glucose from liver glycogen and slows the breakdown of fat to triglycerides, free fatty acids, and ketones. Additionally, insulin slows the breakdown of protein for glucose production. Hyperglycemia results when insulin deficiency leads to uninhibited gluconeogenesis and prevents the use and storage of circulating glucose. The kidneys cannot reabsorb the excess glucose load, causing glycosuria, osmotic diuresis, thirst, and dehydration. Increased fat and protein breakdown leads to ketone production and weight loss. Without insulin, a child with IDDM wastes away and eventually dies from diabetic ketoacidosis. Information on mortality rates is difficult to ascertain without complete national registers of childhood diabetes, although age-specific mortality probably is double that of the general population. Particularly at risk are children aged 1-4 years who may die with DKA at the time of diagnosis. Adolescents also are a high-risk group. Most deaths result from delayed diagnosis or neglected treatment and subsequent cerebral edema during treatment for DKA, although untreated hypoglycemia also causes some deaths.

Presocratic Philosophy Essay

Although Aristotle’s statement is too slight to serve as a sure foundation for judgment, it seems more likely that Thales was arguing for the broader presence of life forces in the world than most people imagined, rather than that the real in its totality is alive. Anaximander Thales’ younger contemporary from Miletus, Anaximander, born toward the end of the seventh century B. C. E. , found the explanatory principle of things in what he called ‘‘the apeiron,’’ a word that might be translated as ‘‘the indefinite,’’ ‘‘the boundless,’’ or both. This opens up the possibility that the apeiron is both immeasurably large in its temporal and physical extent and also qualitatively indefinite in that it is without measurable inner boundaries. The apeiron is further described, according to Aristotle, as being ‘‘without beginning,’’ ‘‘surrounding all things,’’ ‘‘steering all things,’’ ‘‘divine,’’ ‘‘immortal,’’ and ‘‘indestructible. ’’Some have inferred that Anaximander’s barely concealed purpose was Western philosophy’s first attempt at demythologization. Equally striking is Anaximander’s description of the universe as a closed, concentric system, the outer spheres of which, by their everlasting motion, account for the stability of our earth, a drum-shaped body held everlastingly in a state of equipoise at the center. Whatever the inadequacy in certain details (the stars are placed nearer to the earth than the moon), with Anaximander the science of cosmological speculation took a giant step forward. As far as life on earth is concerned, Anaximander offered another striking hypothesis. The first living things, according to him, were ‘‘born in moisture, enclosed in thorny barks’’ (like sea urchins), and ‘‘as their age increased, they came forth onto the drier part’’ (as phrased by Aetius [first to second century C. E. ]). Pythagoras Although we know that Pythagoras was a historical figure, it is difficult to determine exactly what Pythagoras himself taught. He wrote nothing, and the ideas of other members of the community were attributed to him as a sign of respect and as a way of lending weight to the ideas. Plato and Aristotle rarely assign ideas to Pythagoras himself, although Pythagorean ideas seem to have influenced Plato’s philosophy. Pythagoreans asserted that number is the first principle of all things. They were the first systematic developers of mathematics in the West and discovered that natural events could be described in mathematical terms, especially as ratios. To the Pythagoreans, the â€Å"principle of number† accounted for everything. Number was a real thing. Somehow, numbers existed in space, not just as mental constructs. According to Pythagorean doctrine, the entire universe is an ordered whole consisting of harmonies of contrasting elements. The Greek for â€Å"ordered whole† is cosmos. The Pythagoreans were the first philosophers to use the term cosmos to refer to the universe in this way. The â€Å"celestial music of the spheres† is the hauntingly beautiful phrase the Pythagoreans coined to describe the sound of the heavens as they rotate according to cosmic number and harmony. Xenophanes A fourth Ionian philosopher, Xenophanes of Colophon, born around 580 B. C. E. , s the first we know of to overtly attack the anthropomorphism of popular religious belief, in a series of brilliant reductio ad absurdum arguments. His own view has been understood, ever since Aristotle, as pantheistic. Xenophanes was also the first philosopher we know of to ask what degree of knowledge is attainable. In B34 we read: ‘‘the clear and certain truth no man has seen, nor will there be anyone who knows about the gods and what I say about all things. ’’ Several ancient critics took this to be an indication of Xenophanes’ total scepticism. On this basis of moderate empiricism and scepticism, Xenophanes offered a number of opinions of varying plausibility about the natural world, one of which—a strong, evolutionary interpretation of the discovery on various islands of fossils of marine animals—is enough to constitute a major claim to fame in natural philosophy and ranks with his other significant steps in epistemology (the theory of knowledge dealing with what we know, how we know it, and how reliable our knowledge is), logic (the study of rational inquiry and argumentation), and natural theology (the attempt to understand God from natural knowledge). Heraclitus One of the most important and enigmatic of the Presocratics, Heraclitus (fl . 500 b. c. e. , d. 510–480 b. c. e. ), said that ignorance is bound to result when we try to understand the cosmos when we do not even comprehend the basic structure of the human psyche (soul) and its relationship to the Logos. The complex Greek word logos is intriguing. It could and at times did mean all of the following: â€Å"intelligence,† â€Å"speech,† â€Å"discourse,† â€Å"thought,† â€Å"reason,† â€Å"word,† â€Å"meaning,† â€Å"study of,† â€Å"the record of,† â€Å"the science of,† â€Å"the fundamental principles of,† â€Å"the basic principles and procedures of a particular discipline,† â€Å"those features of a thing that make it intelligible to us,† and â€Å"the rationale for a thing. † The Heraclitean capital L Logos is like God, only without the anthropomorphizing (humanizing) of the earlier philosophers and poets who attributed human qualities to the gods. According to Heraclitus’s impersonal view of God, the Logos is a process, not an entity. As such, the Logos is unconcerned with individuals and human affairs, in much the same way that gravity affects us but is unconcerned with us. More radically yet, Heraclitus asserted that even though things appear to remain the same, â€Å"Change alone is unchanging. † Traditionally, it has been held that Heraclitus went so far as to claim that everything is always changing all the time. But whether he really meant that everything is always changing, or that individual things are held together by energy (change), remains unclear. Anaximenes Anaximander’s younger contemporary, Anaximenes, who lived during the sixth century B. C. E. appears to revert to a prior and less sophisticated vision in claiming that the earth, far from being a drum-shaped body held in equipoise at the center, is flat and ‘‘rides on,’’ supported by air. The same might be said of his contention that the basic, ‘‘divine’’ principle of things was not some indefinite entity but something very much part of our experience; namely, air. Anaximenes’ view would also no doubt have seemed to be corroborated by the fact that the universe, commonly understood as a living thing and hence needing a soul to vivify it, possessed in air that very ‘‘breath’’ that for most Greeks constituted the essence of such a soul. Parmenides Parmenides of Elea (fift h century b. c. e. ) radically transformed the early philosophers’ interest in cosmology, the study of the universe as a rationally ordered system (cosmos), into ontology, the study of being. By common agreement he was the giant among the pre-Socratics. According to Parmenides, none of his predecessors adequately accounted for the process by which the one basic stuff of the cosmos changes into the many individual things we experience every day. In his search for a solution to the problem of â€Å"the one and the many,† Parmenides turned to a reasoned analysis of the process of change itself. According to Parmenides, all sensations occur in the realm of appearance. This means that reality cannot be apprehended by the senses. Change and variety (the many) are only appearances; they are not real. If this is true, then our most commonly held beliefs about reality are mere opinions. The senses cannot recognize â€Å"what is,† much less can they discover—observe—it, ever. In other words, whatever we see, touch, taste, hear, or smell is not real, does not exist. Perhaps most unsettling of all, Parmenides â€Å"solved† the problem of the appearance of change by concluding—in direct opposition to Heraclitus’s insistence that everything is always changing—that the very concept of change is self-contradictory. What we think of as change is merely an illusion. The logic runs as follows: â€Å"Change† equals transformation into something else. When a thing becomes â€Å"something else,† it becomes what it is not. But since it is impossible for â€Å"nothing† (what is not) to exist, there is no â€Å"nothing† into which the old thing can disappear. (There is no â€Å"no place† for the thing to go into. ) Therefore, change cannot occur. Empedocles posited, against Parmenides, change and plurality as features of reality, but affirmed the eternality of anything that is real; the sphere-like nature of the real when looked at as a totality and the fact that the real is a plenum, containing no ‘‘nothingness’’ or ‘‘emptiness’’. Anaxagoras likewise posited change, plurality, and divisibility as features of reality, yet also affirmed the eternality of the real (understood by him as an eternally existent ‘‘mixture’’ of the ‘‘seeds’’ of the things currently constituting the world, rather than the eternal combinings and recombinings, according to certain ratios of admixture, of four eternally existent ‘‘roots’’ or elemental masses). Leucippus Leucippus of Miletus (c. fi ft h century b. c. e. ) and Democritus of Abdera (c. 460–370 b. . e. ) argued that reality consists entirely of empty space and ultimately simple entities that combine to form objects. T is materialistic view is known as atomism. Leucippus is credited with being the originator of atomism and Democritus with developing it. Rather than reject Parmenides’ assertion that change is an illusion, Leucippus argued that reality consists of many discrete â€Å"ones ,† or beings. Zeno Zeno, who was born early in the fifth century B. C. E. , was a friend and pupil of Parmenides. In his famous paradoxes he attempted to show by a series of reductio ad absurdum arguments, of which the best known is perhaps that of Achilles and the tortoise, the self-contradictory consequences of maintaining that there is a real plurality of things or that motion or place are real. The prima facie brilliance of many of the arguments continues to impress people, though it soon becomes clear that the paradoxes turn largely on the failure or unwillingness of Zeno, like so many Pythagoreans of the day, to distinguish between the concepts of physical and geometrical space. Zeno’s way of constructing the problem makes it seem that his primary object is to defame pluralists by attacking the logical possibility of explaining how there can be motion in the world. Gorgias Gorgias has achieved fame for the stress he laid upon the art of persuasion (‘‘rhetoric’’), although whether he wrote the baffling On What Is Not as a serious piece of persuasive reasoning or as some sort of spoof of the Eleatic philosophy of Parmenides and others remains disputed. Its basic, and remarkable, claim is prima facie, that nothing in fact is (exists /is the case [esti] or is knowable or conceivable. Any exiguous plausibility that the arguments supporting this claim possess turns on our overlooking Gorgias’s failure, witting or unwitting, to distinguish carefully between knowing and thinking, along with his various uses of the verb ‘‘to be. ’’ If the failure was witting, the document can be seen as a skillful device for the spotting of fallacies as part of training in rhetoric and basic reasoning. If it was unwitting, Gorgias still emerges as what he was claimed to be—a deft rhetorical wordsmith on any topic proposed to him. Protagoras Perhaps the greatest of the Sophists was Protagoras of Abdera (481– 411 b. c. e. ). Protagoras was an archetypal Sophist: an active traveler and first-rate observer of other cultures who noted that although there are a variety of customs and beliefs, each culture believes unquestioningly that its own ways are right—and roundly condemns (or at least criticizes) views that differ from its own. Based on his observations and travels, Protagoras concluded that morals are nothing more than the social traditions, or mores, of a society or group. The details of Protagoras’s beliefs remain disputed. When he said, for example, that ‘‘anthropos [humanity] is a/the measure for all things, of things that are, that they are, and of things that are not, that they are not,’’ it is unclear whether he is talking about one person or the sum total of persons; about ‘‘a’’ measure or ‘‘the’’ measure (there is no definite article in Greek); or about existence or states of affairs or both. The Platonic reading in the Theaetetus, which takes ‘‘anthropos’’ as generic and ‘‘measure’’ as exclusive, led to the assertion that the logical consequence was total (and absurd) relativism. ______________________________ References: The Columbia History of Western Philosophy. Richard H. Popkin. Columbia University Press. 1999. Archetypes of Wisdom: An Introduction to Philosophy. 7th ed. Douglas J. Soccio. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning. 2010.

Fashion Accessory trading business

Fashion Accessories Ltd is one of the crucial high-quality supplier & importers in UK. This company has been offering reasonable priced costume jewellery, accessories and fashion scarves in UK and other European countries such as France, Sweden, Spain and etc. And they also covers with over 650 clients and 20 years of experience in providing a wide-range of fashion items to meet the requirements of major retailers and their suppliers. They also have accounts with many of the famous branded chain store companies, as well as wholesalers and various other established firms.2. Presenting problem This study was concerned mainly in finding out the effect of Information Technology on B2B system in the supply chain extension management of trading business after 1990’s. To facilitate achieving the broad objects as cited above, this study aims to attain following specific operational objective ? To clarify the specific the factors that will boost business to business which subsequently triggered intense changes in the scope and impact of supply chain management on trading business after 1990's.? To discuss about the Information Technology that will further enhance business to business system. ? To identify the products offered by B2B responsible for boosting developments in the scope and impact of supply chain management on trading business after 1990's. ? To extend our understanding of the additional management cost as well as implementation problems with the introduction of B2B system. 3. Preparatory Work – TargetIn a country like UK the need for economic development is urgent; hence, it becomes imperative to extend present day knowledge on developing technological methodologies like introduction of B2B system which is one of the widely used platforms using Internet technology to bring down costs and speed up processes logistics for trading business. Likewise, the researcher believed that the findings of this study will help reduce the variation in produc t price as well as information, and markets will become more integrated.Furthermore, the baseline data gathered from the result of this study shall serve as guide of other researchers in their quest for additional knowledge specially those interested in the fields of Information Technology and Business Management 4. Outcome, Actors and Data Spotlight ? Outcome Tell something about the framework and the methods your going to use ? Actors The following persons who will be benefited with this study are: ? IT manager. This will lead them to know what has happened in the previous trends of business using B2B and the flows of GDP of UK.? Businessmen. They will be enlightened to determine if UK has a high credit risk or a good for investment. And facilitate them in the real world market standing of the UK country. ? UK people. This will guide them in determining the GDP and economic growth trends of their country. ? Future researcher. This will lead them to conduct new study relating B2B t o another factors or indicators. This will also guide them to think of another meaningful study. ? Data spotlight To answer the specific problems of this study the following hypotheses were formulated: 1.Information Technology did not enhance business to business system. 2. There were no products or services offered by B2B that were responsible for boosting developments in the scope and impact of supply chain management on trading business after 1990's. 3. There were no additional management cost as well as implementation problems with the introduction of B2B system. 5. Preparatory Work – Constraints What are the difficulties that you encounter in this study How are you going to get access 6. The Research Question The investigator was directed to answer the following questions:1. What specifically were the factors that boosted business to business which subsequently triggered intense changes in the scope and impact of supply chain management on trading business after 1990's? 2. Will Information Technology further enhance business to business system? 3. Were the products offered by B2B responsible for boosting developments in the scope and impact of supply chain management on trading business after 1990's? 4. Were there additional management cost as well as implementation problems with the introduction of B2B system? 7.Breakdown of Tasks The researcher collected the data from the different corrected thesis dissertation, journals, magazines and books. Microsoft Excel and SPSS program were used for the presentation proper of the events that is reflected in the informational data. a. Preparation of the Mind This is introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Sales representatives in business-to-business initially jeered at the idea of using direct marketing system as selling strategy for industrial customers. It was considered to be of low level company selling scheme for mass markets (Sullivan 1990, 2).Nevertheless, the stratagem was employed by Fortu ne 500 companies (Sullivan 1990, 2). This inter-dynamic selling scheme involves trade team and varied merchandizing methods such as mail and telemarketing which was likewise employed by Dictaphone (Sullivan 1990, 2). Other ways were the member-to-member mode, trading-up, and cross selling (Sullivan 1990, 372). Trading-up and cross selling incorporated advertising, direct marketing, and personal selling thus cutting the cost of the previously one-on-one scheme (Sullivan 1990, 372). †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. (more) b. Problem Scenario Expansion c. Preparation of the Domaind. Practical Access to Tools From the informational data that will be intended to gather the researcher decide to use SPSS program to compute the elasticity of the variables and to identify if the predictors of the study are good. And the multiple regression model will be used in this study. The chart and other basic computations will be done through Microsoft excel for better presentation of the study. e. Pract ical Access to Skills The researcher needs the following tutorial for SPSS usage, International access program list, and trends of the international GDP and the economic growth.To overcome this needs the researcher review some literature and studies using SPSS program, recall the past lessons in economics and ask the library for the list of international access list . f. Practical Documentation g. Research Thinking This study used a descriptive quantitative and qualitative research. This study was concerned mainly in finding out the effect of Information Technology on B2B system in the supply chain extension management of trading business after 1990’s. h. Primary DataThe selected research methodology is a descriptive archival, quantitative and interview. The interview will help for the construction of the entire impact on B2B in the real world. Secondary research is to read a number of literature and studies relevant to the present study in different public and private librar ies. The literature studies will be scrutinized to determine if there is some bearing to the study and would be analyzed to gain a broader perspective of the problem issue.The strategy in this study is the rational perspective, where the data analysis and the final recommendations follow the sequential gathering of information. i. Research Method/Problem Solving Approach ? Research Methodology The main objective of this study is to ? Research Approach The research approach that develops the methodology explained below is based on descriptive qualitative and quantitative research method. j. Data Locations k. Data Collection Protocol Presentation of the data and the computation †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. l. Primary Data Processing ? Preprocessing? Outcome Processing 8. Outline of Literature Review For a firm to deliver maximum value to its customers, it must receive maximum value from all its suppliers in the supply chain. Commercial firms are increasingly concluding that, working alone, they ca nnot have the lowest costs, best quality, or shortest cycle times in their industries if their suppliers do not support them (Lewis, 1995, p. 5). For example, Intel concluded that it could not improve the quality of its products if it did not improve â€Å"the quality of its suppliers (Morgan, 1990).Sun concluded that it could not be more responsive to its customers unless its suppliers were more responsive (Carbone, 1996). Many firms report that implementing best PSM practices has delivered large savings and significant performance improvements. (Moore, Baldwin, Camm, and Cook 2002, 4- 5) Once firms recognize the strategic importance of purchasing to improving their performance and profit as well as integrating their supply chains, they typically change their PSM practices to improve their competitiveness.5 Through our recent strategic sourcing and contracting research, we have learned how innovative commercial firms purchase goods and services. What we have observed appears to be the beginning of a revolution in PSM practices. 6 For example, Bensaou (1999) notes that in the automotive sector, all three U. S. manufacturers and most of their European competitors have launched programs to decrease their level of vertical integration, reduce their total number of direct suppliers, and move toward publicly declared strategic partnerships.7 In the aerospace sector, manufacturers are making strategic efforts to consolidate their supply base and forge stronger relationships with remaining suppliers (Stundza, 1999). For example, Boeing consolidated and standardized its supply contracts and plans to reduce its number of suppliers from 3,100 to 2,700 (Stundza, 2000b). Bowman (1998) notes that within the last year in the logistics industry shippers are increasingly bidding at the corporate level.More of them are making decisions by committee, whittling down their international provider base to a bare minimum. For example, he notes that about 40 percent of the global ac counts of APL Ltd. , a worldwide logistics provider, had some type of logistics council or centralized body for purchasing, strategizing, and decision making. 8 To set the stage for PSM change, innovative customers are conducting comprehensive, corporate-wide spend analyses 9 to better understand their primary sources of expenditures and to then target their PSM improvement initiatives (e.g. , quality, speed, or cost effectiveness) on those goods and services that represent their largest and most strategic expenditures (see Owens et al. , 1998, and Laseter, 1998). 10 Customers are also stratifying their supply base by effect on results and level of strategic risk and then matching the specific management approach and type of relationship formed with particular suppliers to (Moore, Baldwin, Camm, and Cook 2002, 6 – 7)The truth of the matter is that the chains grew because they introduced a method of retail distribution for which there was a definite need and which the old whol esaler-retailer system failed to supply. To what extent the old system was inherently deficient and to what extent its shortcomings could be and have been corrected must be discussed now, not for the sake of stressing the imperfections of a competitive system but in order to contrast certain features of the chain-store system.The ideal distribution system would bridge the gap between production and consumption with maximum efficiency at minimum cost. Without any question, the outstanding inherent defect of the old wholesaler-retailer system lay in the fact that, under it, the wholesale function and the retail function are performed by separate, independent factors, whereas, under the chain-store system, the two functions are, to a major extent, combined.In no sense does the chain-store system eliminate the wholesale function: it still has to be performed, but, whereas under the old system the wholesaler exercised no control over his retail outlets nor did the retailer have any contr ol over his sources of supply, under the chain-store system both functions are performed by the same organization and the control is unified. That this basic difference between the two systems has been partly nullified by the development of voluntary chains of various kinds is true.But the fact remains that such organizations did not come prominently into the picture until the chains had established themselves on a firm basis. When the chains were making their greatest strides, the old wholesaler-retailer set-up provided their principal competition. Reduced to its simplest terms, the main result of the essential difference between the two systems lies in the fact that under the old plan it is necessary for the wholesaler to sell to the retailer before the merchandise can find its way into consumption.Under the chain-store system, this intervening selling process, with all its disadvantages, is obviated. (Lebhar 1963, 87- 88) â€Å"In 1981, standards for shipping containers were ado pted; these facilitated the extension of the UPC into the emerging supply chain processes then appearing in both manufacturing and retailing industries. One of the reasons that the UPC had to spread grew out of the fact that not all goods sold in grocery stores were food; they included health and beauty aids, household cleaners, and so forth, which came from other industries.To take full advantage of the technology, the Grocery Industry wanted others to adopt the symbol as well. During the 1980s and 1990s, that was what happened. † (Cortada 2004, 299) a. Keywords ? GDP = the growth development project is one of the most important factors in determining the standing of the country in terms of their economic inflation. ? e-buisness = is one of the most popular business internet market the products here are quite fast in the presentation to the client or so called the customer. ? Probability of UK GDP = this is something to do with the computation of the GDP of UK.This will revea l the trends of the UK if the economic inflation will fall or ascent. ? Linear regression= is the model that will suit in some computation for economic studies. This will also lead the person to identify the trends of the business to the market place. b. Basic Definitions and Terms The following terms were formulated for more understanding: ? Business to business (B2B) = It refers to the business situation and ? Inflation = This means that †¦.. ? Information technology = This refers to †¦.. c. Primary Sources d. Map out Important Areas e. Originality f. Review Conclusion

The Elixir of Love

I watched Leisure damper (also called The Elixir of Love), a comic opera performed in two acts, created by the Italian composer Cottage Downsized in the nineteenth century. It was the most often performed opera in Italy between 1838 and 1848. The play showed the love triangle between the main characters. Merino, a young villager, was in love with the beautiful farm owner Adding. Unfortunately, he never knew how to get her attention; she was very indifferent and, apparently, she did not care about love at all.Hopeless, Merino .NET to see the traveling quack doctor, Dulcimers, to ask him for a love potion that could make Adding fall for him. Things got worse when Sergeant Belcher arrived in town. He felt immediately attracted to Adding as well and asked the lady to marry him. Adding, to get revenge on Merino, accepted the proposal. Thenceforth, Merino had to try his best to clarify the situation and seduce the beautiful lady. To my eyes, the whole play was completely addictive and hear t-wringing. Furthermore, I felt really involved with the characters and the ending was very satisfying.The setting was extraordinary. Although It was always the same background, the light fixture and additional ornamentation made it look flawless all the time. There were also some visual effects that helped a lot to create appropriate situations, for Instance, the different times of the day. The costumes of the cast were totally accurate with the era that the play was trying to represent. They presented beautiful dresses for the ladies and elegant or humble outfits for the men, depending on their characters, of course. As for the music and the acting, I must admit I was massively Impressed.I had never watched an opera before, but I had seen lots of plays. Nevertheless, this has been my favorite so far. The music was outstanding. Every time one of the cast members started to sing, I felt out of this world. They had an Impressive talent and vocal ability, and the orchestra also did an amazing Job. Moreover, the acting was superb. They were all really charming and committed. The cast had the power to bring me from laughter to tears In Just a second. Allele's damper Is definitely an opera that I would go watch again If possible. It was terrific!

Ceo – Kevin Plank

Kevin Plank, the Chief Executive Officer and President of Under Armour (UA), is an entrepreneurial hero that was recently added to the Forbes 400 list. He is also seen on other lists such as Forbes 40 under 40 and America’s 20 most Powerful CEOs 40 and Under. The youngest of five brothers, Plank always had the entrepreneurial spirit and a competitive drive to win. He started shoveling snow at the age of ten and held several jobs throughout his school days. He even had a small annual business, Cupid’s Valentine, which sold roses for Valentine’s Day.Plank says he put away $17,000 from the rose business, which was used as the start-up money for UA. Plank played football for Maryland, and as recalled by his teammates, he wasn’t the â€Å"biggest guy† or the â€Å"fastest guy,† but the one who â€Å"worked harder than anyone. † What he learned over the years on the football field is still used by him and has helped make him one of the most successful entrepreneurs today. In all the stories about Planks childhood, schooling, athletic, and professional careers, he is described as an outgoing, people person.On the Big Five Personality Trait chart, he would be high on extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness and openness to experience. He always wanted to win, was good at motivating his teammates, he got along well with everyone and he was original and daring to take a risk and start up his own business. His internal locus of control probably contributed to him starting his own sports apparel business. Instead of being frustrated and blaming outside forces, he was able to figure out how to make it better and use it to his advantage.The story of Under Armour begins in Maryland where Plank was a walk-on special-teams football player at the University of Maryland in 1995. He was fed up of having to change shirts often during his games and practice because he would sweat so much, his shirts would weigh him down and feel uncomfortable. During his senior year, he was in his dorm room drawing the first UA shirt. His idea was to combine the snug fit of a Hanes cotton T-shirt and the lightness and fast-drying texture of synthetic, stretchy fabrics used in women’s lingerie or compression shorts. His first batch cost him $480 for seven prototypes from a local tailor.He had his teammates at the University test out the ingenious â€Å"performance apparel† that would wick the sweat from their bodies and make them lighter and faster. With positive feedback, he ordered 500 more shirts from the New York Garment district and gave them to his high school and college teammates and also mailed them to college and professional football player friends from around the country. Player recommendations were very important to the success of his start-up company. He always emphasized that â€Å"making yourself look bigger than you were† is important.Starting in his grandmothers basement, using his $17 ,000 in savings, running up $40,000 in credit card debt and with great athletes on board he was on course to a successful sports apparel company, which can compete with the likes of Nike and Adidas. Plank noted in 2010: â€Å"We went from $17,000 in revenue in 1996 to $110,000 in 1997 to $400,000 to $1. 3 million to $5 million to $20 million, $50million, $115, $205, $285, $405, $606, $725 and this last (third quarter of fiscal 2009) quarter $837 million. It’s one of those only-in-America stories that went from 1 employee to more than 2,700 today. In 2012 the company is worth over $1. 4 billon with over 4,000 employees, and is expected to have revenues of over $1. 8 billion this year. In the beginning Plank served as both CEO and the entire sales force for UA, selling his performance shirts up and down the east coast out of his car, with his head quarters in his grandmothers basement. Today, he has 63% share in UA’s stocks, and his headquarters in Baltimore, MD with in ternational sales throughout North America, Europe and even some parts of Asia. UA has taken over 3% of the athletic apparel market share in 11 years compared to Nikes 7%.If Plank continues to set high goals for his company, they are bound to be as popular as or even more so than their competitors Nike, Adidas and other athletic apparel companies. As stated earlier, Kevin Plank still uses what he learned on the football team. He runs his company like it’s a team; he is the Captain/Coach and each employee is a team member. The company refers to meetings as â€Å"Under Armour Huddles,† which include rules such as: â€Å"be prepared to huddle,† â€Å"manage the clock,† â€Å"know your position,† â€Å"run the huddle,† â€Å"execute the play† and â€Å"respect your teammates. An Under Armour manufacturing manager in Asia explained: â€Å"We do not have a front end and a back end, we have offense and defense. We do not have colleagues, w e have teammates. We do not have meetings, we have huddles. Everything is related to sports. † Her statement hits the core of Corporate Under Armour. In many of the articles online, it is clear that Plank is still a humble and regular person. He keeps in touch with his old teammates and friends and is a very personable individual. Plank definitely shows organizational commitment. After graduating college he started this ompany and invested everything he had. He believes his company to be young and uses the analogy that â€Å"UA, at 16, is not unlike a 16-year-old. It’s a good kid, but still screws up sometimes. By 21, he reasons, the kid will be more mature. Plank has managed to stay in charge of Under Armour as it went from being a startup to an established company. He believes that what he can get the company to â€Å"has been galaxies beyond what anyone else ever dreamed. † His was the first brand to disrupt an industry in a down economy where many businesses were shutting down.He is not afraid to explore unorthodox ideas and implement them to make his company more established. Looking at the Trait Model of leadership we can evaluate the characteristics that Kevin Plank displays. First, with Intelligence, knowledge and experience, it is seen that Plank took a problem he had with sweat soaked shirts that weighed him down during football games, came up with a solution and was able to implement it and spread the idea. He also shows dominance and self-confidence because since the day his company started he has worked in almost every position including: research, development, sales, marketing and leading.Because he knows every detail of his business, he can walk with confidence knowing that his employees look up to him and can go to him with questions and concerns. Also, because he treats his company like a football team, he is knows to always show high energy. He walks to his â€Å"huddles† wearing under armour gear (UA Polo, sneaker s, etc. ) and talks to his â€Å"team† as he was a coach preparing them for a game. In an interview with leadersmag. com, Plank was asked what his management style is. He emphasized that UA is an empowering brand and that like the brand he wants to inspire people. Empowerment is the process of giving employees at all levels the authority to make decisions, be responsible for their outcomes, improve quality and cut costs. † When Plank hires someone he wants to make sure that they bring in someone innovative, and someone capable of thinking for themselves and come up with better more efficient ways of doing things. In another interview on Inc. com, Plank was asked how he kept his employees motivated. He responded saying, â€Å"motivation, passion, and focus have to come from the top. He believes that attitudes are contagious and how he feels about the company is how his employees are going to see it. Also, he talks about the importance of communication, and how employees feel more motivated when they feel needed, appreciated, and valued. He can’t necessarily meet with every single one of his employees, but he still goes out of his way to meet the employees that are going above and beyond. He then strategically places them throughout his company so that their attitudes reflect on the other employees.From his responses to those interview questions, it is pretty simple to see that he is more of a Relationship-oriented leader. Although he wants innovation in his company, he sees it as important that the employees are taken care of and the moral is always high. The â€Å"culture† at the headquarters in Baltimore is very unorthodox. They have it set up on the inside like a little football field almost, where the employees can take breaks and throw around a foot ball, go for a jog, or even lift weights. The 23-year-old Kevin Plank took a problem he had, was innovative, and came up with a solution.Starting from his dorm room, followed by his grandmother’s basement, he never gave up on his idea and till this day, his views and what he expects from Under Armour are beyond what anyone can imagine or comprehend. Plank is now 40 years old and was recently inducted to the Fortune 400, a lit of the wealthiest people in America. From humble beginnings and a drive to achieve greatness, he has become part of the sport apparel industry and is challenging established companies such as Nike and Adidas. The mission statement for UA is â€Å"TO MAKE ALL ATHLETES BETTER THROUGH PASSION, DESIGN AND THE RELENTLESS PURSUIT OF INNOVATION. UA promises us to always come up with bigger and better ideas to improve athletes everywhere. Also, Plank proves himself to be a true entrepreneur. He mentions â€Å"There’s an entrepreneur right now, scared to death, making excuses, saying, ‘It’s not the right time just yet. ’ There is no such thing as a good time†¦ Get out of your garage and go take a chance, and start your business. † That is very inspirational because many times great innovators get stuck with the idea because they are too afraid to take the first step. Kevin Plank can be looked upon as a role model for entrepreneurship and endurance against odds.He is also a very influential CEO because even after 16 years, UA is still moving up with no intentions of ever selling out or being lame. Works Cited Brown, Abram. â€Å"Under Armour Sprints To Higher Sales And Profits, Lifts Full-Year Outlook. † Forbes 24 July 2012: 45. Print. Dessauer, Carin. â€Å"Team Player. For Under Armour CEO and Kensington Native Kevin Plank, It’s Always Been about the Huddle. † BethesdaMagazine. com Mar. 2009: n. pag. Print. Jones, Gareth R. , and Jennifer M. George. Essentials of Contemporary Management. Boston: McGraw-Hill, 2004. Print. Melby, Caleb. Meet The 20 Newcomers To The Forbes 400. † Forbes. Forbes Magazine, 19 Sept. 2012. Web. 13 Nov. 2012. . Roberts, Daniel . â€Å"Under Armour Gets Serious. † Fortune 7 Nov. 2011: 152-62. Print. Subramanian, Ram, and Pradeep Gopalakrishna. â€Å"Under Armour. † Business Case Journal 19. 2 (2012): 62-83. Print. â€Å"Under Armour’s Kevin Plank on How to Motivate Employees. † Interview by Ben Chase. Inc 1 June 2009: n. pag. Web. â€Å"An Empowering Brand. An Interview with Kevin A. Plank, President, CEO, and Chairman of the Board, Under Armour, Inc. † Leaders Aug. -Sept. 2012: 18. Web.

Energe policy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Energe policy - Research Paper Example (Fox-Penner and Peter S, 2010) A huge sum of monety is required before their implementation is attained. This may lead to tax rate increament. Although the regulations may affect people in terms of employment and costs, it is implemented for the advantage of the people. This is due to the health risks caused by these energy productions and also the environment. The life of a human being is more important than the money or the living standards of people. (Fox-Penner and Peter S, 2010) People should gauge the advantages and disadvantages in order to react to the effect of energy from Obama’s administration. In this paper we will be able to see two policies which should be considered and be implemented immediately and one which is not necessary for it to be implemented. Ozone is a combination of chemical reaction which includes methane, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and other volatile organic compounds. The Ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standards should be implemented in order to prevent its effects to the living things both animals and plants. This is in section 109 of the clean Air Act which includes both primary and secondary standards .The primary standards are used to protect the health of the citizens while the secondary standards are used in protecting the animals, vegetation, visibility and buildings. This act thus suggests that there should be control measure implemented on sources of air pollutants like industries and vehicles among others in order to reduce the effect of air pollution to the environment. (Implementation of the Clean Air Act National Ambient Air Quality Standards, 1998) This is because there effect will lead to an increase in health complication amongst the citizens subjected to the pollutants. The result of this will include spending money in solving these issues and many people might lose their lives. This will cost the government of about $19 to $90 dollars in order to be implemented which is high but it should also be considered that its effect will be affecting everyone. The effect of the ozone will affect the ecosystem at large as most of the plants will not be able to survive and humans will immune system will decrease increasing the chances of its effect to the human system. Emission reduction strategies should be used in both the local, state tribunal agencies from the menu of control measures in order to attain the national Ambient Air Quality standards on attaining a new primary ozone standard. Coal is a major producer of electricity in America by producing 54% of electricity supplied in the market. It is also used for cement among other purposes at home. Although it is useful to the American citizen it also has effects both to the health and the environment. The use of coal ash has many effects during combustion as they affect the human health for example they cause cancer and respiratory complications. They also affect the environment as it contains toxic elements like sulfur, mercury an d fluorine among others which also affect the environment. Coal plants emit carbon dioxide which affects the climate change as it prevents the emission of heat from the Earth surface which leads to the global effect. This can be seen by the reducing level of waterways as a lot of water evaporates. The percentage of coal production is over million tons and about 78% million are disposed while the rest is sold. Coal also causes aid